Chikamu Chinodzika cheIndasitiri 4.0: Kufanotaura Kwakajeka kweMaitiro eRobhoti reServo reThree-Axis Mumakore Mashanu Anotevera

Chikamu Chinodzika cheIndasitiri 4.0: Kufanotaura Kwakajeka kweMaitiro eRobhoti reServo reThree-Axis Mumakore Mashanu Anotevera

Nekusvika kwehuwandu hweindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu pasi rose nepfungwa dzakapinza pa35% uye huwandu hwemafekitori akangwara mudunhu reYangtze River Delta muChina huchipfuura 37%, indasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu iri kuchinja zvakanyanya kubva ku "zvitsuwa zve automation" kuenda ku "ruzivo rwepasi rose." Mukuita uku, marobhoti eservo ane tambo nhatu, senzira huru yekushandura otomatiki, iri kuchinja kubva pakushandisa kwechinyakare kunotsiva basa rinodzokororwa kuenda kuma node akangwara anobatanidza mapatya edhijitari nenyika yepanyama. Zvichibva padata razvino reindasitiri uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, chinyorwa chino chinoongorora nzira yekuvandudzwa kwemarobhoti eservo ane mativi matatu mumakore mashanu anotevera kubva pamaonero matatu: kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kugadziriswa kwemusika, uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichipa gwara rekuita sarudzo yekushandura kwehunyanzvi kwemakambani ekugadzira.

Kufambira Mberi Kwetekinoroji: Kusvetuka Kubva Pakuita Zvakarurama Kuenda Kuhungwaru Hwepfungwa

Kushanduka kwetekinoroji kwemarobhoti eservo ane mativi matatu kunotungamirirwa nehurongwa hune mativi maviri hwe "kubudirira kwakarurama + kupinda kwakangwara." Pakazosvika 2023, kururama kwemasisitimu eservo emumba kwakanga kwavandudzika kusvika ± 0.02 mm, uye kugona kudzokorora kwakanga kwaderedzwa kusvika ± 0.05 mm. Zviratidzo izvi zvasvika padanho repamusoro-soro repasi rose, zvichipa hwaro hwekugadzira kwakarurama. Zvinonyanya kukosha, nekushandiswa kwakadzama kwetekinoroji ye5G neAI edge computing, michina iri kukurumidza kushanduka kwayo kuenda kune sisitimu ye "perception-decision-execution" yakavharwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2025, mwero wekupinda kwemamodheru ane kugona kwekuona kweAI uchapfuura 50%, zvichireva kuti ruzhinji rwemamodheru matatuMarobhoti Akisi ichave nehunyanzvi hwekuzviziva wega uye hwekugadzirisa hunogona kugadziriswa.

Kushandira pamwe uye kubatanidzwa kwemuchina nevanhu kwave nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekubudirira kwetekinoroji. Pakazosvika 2023, marobhoti ekubatana ane mativi matatu akafukidza 29% yemaitiro ekugadzira nemazvo muindasitiri ye3C, uye chikamu ichi chinotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika 35% panosvika 2025. Kubudirira uku hakungoratidzwi chete mukuvandudza tekinoroji yekudzora simba—iyo Bhodhi reRobhoti gadzirisa simba rayo nekukasika kana yabata workpiece—asi zvakare nenzira itsva dzekuchengetedza. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwe millimeter-wave radar uye visual sensors, kutarisa kwakasimba kwedaro rakachengeteka pakati pevanhu nemichina kunowanikwa. Chidzidzo chemuenzaniso chakaitwa nemugadziri wezvibvumirano zvemagetsi chinoratidza kuti kuunzwa kwemarobhoti ekubatana akabatana matatu-axis kwakawedzera kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekugadzira kubva pa65% kusvika pa89%, ukuwo kuchideredzawo mwero wekukuvara ne72%.

Kukura kwekugadzirwa kwemodular kuri kuchinja mamodheru ekushandisa michina. Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinoshandisa magadzirirwo einterface akajairwa, zvichipfupisa kutenderera kwekushandisa ne40%. Nguva yekubhadhara michina imwe chete yemakambani madiki nepakati ekugadzirisa magetsi yaderedzwa kusvika pasi pemwedzi gumi nemisere. Hunhu uhwu hwekubatanidza nekutamba, pamwe chete neinterface yegraphical programming, zvinogonesa kunyange mabhizinesi madiki nepakati asina mainjiniya erobhoti ane hunyanzvi kuti akurumidze kushandisa otomatiki. Kubudirira uku kwetekinoroji kunokonzerwa nekukura kwecheni yekugovera. Pakazosvika 2023, makambani emuno akanga awana 65% yenzvimbo yezvinhu zvakakosha. Kunyangwe chiyero chenzvimbo chezvinhu zvikuru zvakaita seRV reducers chichingori pa28% chete, dambudziko iri riri kukundwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nekutsvagisa pamwe chete pakati peindasitiri, dzidzo, uye tsvakurudzo.

Kugadziriswazve Kwemusika: Mikana Yekuvaka Inotungamirirwa Nemutemo Nekuda Kwezvinhu

Robhoti reservo reChina rine mativi matatu Musika wava pedyo nekukura zvakanyanya, uchisvika mabhiriyoni mana nehafu emadhora muna 2023, nekukura kwegore negore kwe12%-15%. Kukura uku hakuna kugoverwa zvakaenzana, asi kunoratidza musiyano mukuru muindasitiri uye madhigirii ematunhu. Chikamu chitsva chemotokari dzesimba chakaita zvakanaka zvikuru, zvichipa 32% yekukura kwemusika muna 2023. Nyaya dzekushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekubatanidza module yemagetsi ebhatiri uye kuyedzwa kwemodule yeIGBT kwakaona kuwedzera kwe54% gore negore, zvichiratidza kudiwa kukuru kwemidziyo inoshanda otomatiki mukugadzira kwepamusoro.

Kuburitswa kwemari dzinowanikwa muzvirongwa zvakanaka kwave chinhu chikuru chinotungamira kukura kwemusika. Chirongwa che "Robot+" Application Action Plan, chakapihwa pamwe chete neBazi reIndasitiri neInformation Technology nemamwe madhipatimendi gumi nemanomwe, chinotaura zvakajeka kuti panosvika gore ra2025, huwandu hwemarobhoti muindasitiri yekugadzira huchapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a2020, uye zviitiko zvekushandisa marobhoti zvinopfuura mazana maviri zvichasimudzirwa. Padanho remunharaunda, Jiangsu neGuangdong, makambani maviri makuru ekugadzira, akaisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni maviri eyuan mumari yakakosha, zvichikonzera kuti huwandu hwemarobhoti ane axis matatu hupinde mumakambani madiki nepakati ekugadzira huve kubva pa17% muna 2021 kusvika pa28% muna 2023. Zvikonzero zvemitero zvave kushanda, nekuderedzwa kwemari yeR&D kwakawedzera kubva pa75% kusvika pa100%, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe12 muzana mukutenga marobhoti muna 2023.

Mamiriro emakwikwi emusika ari kuchinja zvikuru. Makambani emuno Estun neEfort ane mugove wemusika we42%. Maitiro avo asingadhuri akadzikisa avhareji yemutengo wemakambani epasi rose ne15%-18%, zvichikurumidzisa kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekuzvigadzira otomatiki. Makwikwi aya akatungamira pakupatsanurwa kwemitengo kwakasiyana: Mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvakajairika yadzikira ne7% pagore, nepo mutengo wepamusoro wemamodeli akangwara ane tarisiro yakabatana uchiramba uchikura, nemugove wavo wemusika uchikwira kubva pa18% muna 2019 kusvika pa34% muna 2023. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvave chinhu chitsva chinosimudzira kukura, nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika huchitarisirwa kuwedzera ne37% gore negore muna 2023. Kudiwa kwenyika kubva kunyika dziri muBelt and Road Initiative kwakasimba zvikuru, nemugove wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uchitarisirwa kuwedzera kubva pa18% yazvino kusvika pa25% muna 2025.

Kushanduka kweEcosystem: Kubva paKutengesa Midziyo kusvika paKushanda Pamwe Chekugadzira Zvinhu Zvakangwara

Marobhoti eservo ane axis matatu ari kuchinja kubva pakushandisa otomatiki kuenda kuma key nodes mumafekitori edhijitari, zvichikonzera kugadziriswa kweketani yemutengo wekugadzira. Kuchinja uku kunoonekwa muzvikamu zvitatu: Panyaya yedata, kupinda kweIIoT muindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi kwakasvika 55% panosvika 2024. Marobhoti anoshandisa masensa akavakirwa mukati kuti aunganidze data renguva chaiyo senge tembiricha, kudedera, uye kushandiswa kwesimba, zvichitsigira kugadziriswa kwekufanotaura. Panyaya yemaitiro, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yedhijitari yemapatya kwakaderedza nguva yekuiswa kwemagetsi ne60%. Mumwe mugadziri wezvikamu zvemotokari, kuburikidza nedhijitari yemapatya, akaderedza kutenderera kwayo kutsva kwechigadzirwa kubva pamavhiki gumi nemaviri kusvika kumavhiki mashanu. Panyaya yemamiriro ekunze, vagadziri vemidziyo vari kutanga kupa mhinduro dzakakwana dze "hardware + software + services", zvichikonzera purofiti yakapetwa kaviri kana katatu kupfuura kungotengesa michina.

Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwezvishandiso muzvikamu zvakasiyana kuri kuputsa miganhu yeindasitiri yechinyakare. Muchikamu chezvishandiso zvekurapa, kuwanikwa kwemarobhoti ekubatsira pakuvhiya kwakawedzera ne315% gore rega rega muna 2023, zvichiratidza zvakanakira zvavo mukushanda nemazvo. Muindasitiri yekurongedza chikafu, mwero wekupinda kwe marobhoti ane mativi matatu Nemagadzirirwo ekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwakawedzera kubva pa19% muna 2021 kusvika pa34% muna 2023. Kunyangwe mukurima, marobhoti ane chiono cheAI akagonesa kunhonga nekuyera michero nemiriwo nemagiredhi chaiwo. Seri kwekupinda uku mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kune hunyanzvi hwekuenzanisa kuenzana kwemapuratifomu etekinoroji epakati nehunyanzvi hwemhinduro dzeindasitiri.

Mumakore mashanu anotevera, indasitiri iyi ichasangana nematambudziko maviri ekugadzirisa zvinhu uye kugadzirisa zvinhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, Mutemo weEU weMachinery Directive uchangobva kugadzwa unounza zvinodiwa zvitsva zana negumi nemasere zvekuchengetedza, uye mitengo yezvitupa yemakambani anotungamira kunze kwenyika inotarisirwa kuwedzera ne23%. Kune rumwe rutivi, maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvidiki, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoda kuchinjika kukuru kwemidziyo. Chinhu chikuru chekusangana nematambudziko aya ndechekuvaka puratifomu yetekinoroji yemodular - kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye mabhenefiti emitengo kuburikidza nemamodules akajairwa, ukuwo uchigadzirisa zvinodiwa zveindasitiri kuburikidza nema end effectors anochinjika uye software yakagadziriswa. Modhi iyi yakaratidzwa nemakambani anotungamira. Mugadziri mumwe, kuburikidza nekugadzira modular, akawedzera mutsara wezvigadzirwa zvake kubva pa12 kusvika pa28, ukuwo achipfupisa kutenderera kwake kweR&D ne40%.

Mhedziso: Kushandisa Mukana Wekugadzira Zvinhu Zvisina Huremu Uye Zvakangwara

Panguva ino yenhoroondo mukuwedzera kweIndustry 4.0, kukosha kwemarobhoti eservo ane axis matatu kwapfuura nzvimbo yezvishandiso zviri nyore zvekushanda, zvichiva chinhu che "kutanga-danho" chekugadzirisa makambani ekugadzira zvinhu nedhijitari. Kune makambani makuru, iyuniti yakajairika yekuvaka mafekitori akangwara; kune makambani madiki nepakati, imhinduro yakareruka yekuvhara mukaha we automation; uye kune vagadziri vemidziyo, ipfungwa yekuchinja kubva pakutengesa zvigadzirwa kuenda pakugona kuburitsa.

Mumakore mashanu anotevera, kiyi yekubudirira haisi yekumhanya kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji chete asiwo mukunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinodiwa neindasitiri. Makambani anogona kushandura kunyatsoita servo kuita mhando yezvigadzirwa, kuunganidzwa kwedata kuita nzwisiso yekuita sarudzo, uye mibairo yemitemo kuita zvakanakira musika achatora danho iri muchikamu ichi chekugadzira zvinhu zvine hungwaru. Nehuwandu hwemafekitori akangwara muRwizi rweYangtze hwakasvika 79% yemazinga epamusoro-soro epasi rose, nepo matunhu epakati nekumadokero achiri nenzvimbo ye45% yekukura, kuchinja kwemusika zvishoma nezvishoma uye shanduko yetekinoroji yezvizvarwa zviri kupa mikana yenhoroondo kumakambani akagadzirira.

Na kugadzirwa indasitiri iri kutarisana nematambudziko maviri emitengo yevashandi iri kukwira (inotarisirwa kuwedzera ne46% muna 2023 zvichienzaniswa negore ra2018) uye kuwedzera makwikwi epasi rose, marobhoti eservo ane mativi matatu haasisiri sarudzo asi chinhu chinodiwa pakurarama nekukura. Nzira yetekinoroji yakasarudzwa, misika yehunyanzvi inonangwa, uye magariro ezvakatipoteredza akagadzirwa ndizvo zvichasarudza chinzvimbo chekambani chepamusoro munzvimbo yekugadzira zvinhu zvine hungwaru.